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Robert M. Lindner
Robert M. Lindner (May 14, 1914 – February 27, 1956) was an American author and psychologist, best known as the author of the 1944 book ''Rebel Without A Cause: The Hypnoanalysis Of A Criminal Psychopath'',〔Robert M. Lindner (1944), ''Rebel Without A Cause: The Hypnoanalysis Of A Criminal Psychopath'', Waverly Press.〕 from which the title of Nicholas Ray's 1955 film was adapted. In his book, he described a psychopath as someone who is "incapable of exertions for the sake of others".〔American Correctional Association (1964), ''Proceedings of the annual Congress of Correction'', p. 55〕 Lindner's arguments on gambling psychology are highly regarded and have been noted as "definitive statements" by the American Academy of Political and Social Science.〔A.L. Hummel (1984), ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science: Volume 474'', American Academy of Political and Social Science; ISBN 0-8039-2194-2, p. 9〕
==Early life and education==
Robert Mitchell Lindner was born in New York City on May 14, 1914 to Charles and Sadie (née Schwartz) Lindner. He was educated in the public schools of New York and took a BA at Bucknell University in 1935. In 1937 he married Eleanor Johnson (1910-1996) while a graduate student at Cornell University, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in psychology in 1938. In the ensuing years, while working as a consulting psychologist for the state mental health authority in New Jersey, he studied psychoanalysis in New York City and Philadelphia while undergoing his own analysis with Theodore Reik.〔"Dr. Lindner Dies, Psychologist, 41," ''Baltimore Sun'', February 28, 1956, p. 36.〕
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